Objective:-
Draft and Design the individual components of a yacht and
assemble them together to form a good aesthetical yacht.
Introduction: -
A yacht is a sail or power vessel used for pleasure,
cruising, or racing. There is no standard definition, so the term applies to
such vessels that have a cabin with amenities that accommodate overnight
use.
Design considerations for a cruising yacht include
seaworthiness, performance, sea kindliness, and cost of construction, as
follows:
Seaworthiness addresses the integrity of the
vessel and its ability to stay afloat and shelter its crew in the conditions
encountered.
Performance hinges on a number of factors,
including the waterline length (longer means faster), drag in the water
(narrower hull with smooth appendages), hull shape, and sail shape and area.
Sea kindliness is an indicator of steering ease,
directional stability, and quelling of motion induced by wind and waves.
Multihulls offer tradeoffs as cruising sailboats, compared
with monohulls. They may be catamarans or trimarans. They rely on form
stability—having separate hulls far apart—for their resistance to capsize. Their
advantages include greater: stability, speed, (for catamarans) living space,
and shallower draft. Their drawbacks include greater expenses, a greater wind
age, more difficult tacking under sail, less load capacity, and more
maneuvering room required because of their broad beam. They come with a variety
of sleeping accommodations and (for catamarans) bridge-deck configurations.
The design of a Yacht involves creating individual parts and
assembling them with respect to their proper constraints and mates.
Present Design of Yacht consist of the following parts
1)
Hull:-
A hull is
the watertight body of a ship or boat. The hull may open at
the top and it may be fully or partially covered with a deck. Atop the deck may
be a deckhouse and other superstructures, such as a funnel, derrick,
or mast. The line where the hull meets the water surface is called
the waterline.
The Design of the Hull involves the preparation of the outer shell
surface and the deck surface. The outer shell is drafted with the required
curves initially and is extruded and lofted, to obtain the required surface
the cures are drawn on different planes and they are projected so that the
required curvature is obtained in between the planes
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Curve Projection:- It is one of the
options in the Solid works tool which gives
us the output cure for the two curves/lines drawn on different planes, this is
the intersection path where the two extruded surfaces meet.
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3D Sketch: - a very handy tool to draw any
line or curve in space as it is confined to the axis helps to join the
projected curves and work on different axis to create geometrical planes.
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Surface Extrude:- It is used to form the
surface bodies where the thickness is line thick.
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Surface Loft:- Loft is the option used to
prepare very difficult surfaces formed with the help of 4 different curves
drawn on different planes. It involves two profile curves and one or more guide
curves.
These lofted or extruded surfaces which are in the intersection
are combined together with the help of Surface Knit
Ø
Surface Knit:- It helps to eliminate the
minor gaps that exist between the two surfaces and join them together like a
single surface. This option works only for surfaces, not for solid bodies.
The handrail present all over the Hull top is first drafted
on different planes using the convert Entities option and is designed as shown
in the picture and is projected onto the surface of the Hull. These lines are
converted into tubes with the help of the sweep option which requires a circle at any
one of the curves/lines.
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Convert Entities: - it is available in the 2D
sketching tab which converts the edges of the 3D object to the line projected onto the surface.
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Sweep: - It helps to produce solid tubes along the guided curve/line path.
The rope for the anchors is prepared using the option
helix/spiral.
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Helix/spiral:- it is used to create any springs screw treads as this option contains pitch or height and revolutions which describes how many rings with the gap
between them.
Thus the half part of the Hull structure is designed and
mirrored along the middle plane to form the complete closed structure. Fillets
and chamfers are used to smooth the sharp edges.
2)
Radar
and Radar mast-
Marine radars are X-band or S-band radars on
ships used to detect other ships and land obstacles, to
provide bearing and distance for collision
avoidance and navigation at sea. They are electronic navigation
instruments that use a rotating antenna to sweep a narrow beam
of microwaves around the water surface surrounding the ship to the
horizon, detecting targets by microwaves reflected from them, generating a
picture of the ship's surroundings on a display screen.
Radar is a vital navigation component
for safety at sea and near the shore. Captains need to be able to maneuver
their ships within feet in the worst of conditions and to be able to navigate
"blind" when there is no visibility at night or due to bad weather.
In addition to vessel-based marine radars, in port or in harbor,
shore-based vessel traffic service radar systems are used
by harbormasters and the coast guard to monitor and regulate
ship movements in busy waters.
Here Radar is a rotating stick that sweeps the incoming
microwave signals and the radar mast contains the system to produce the outgoing
signals using the antenna.
The design of this component involves base creations initially
in a 2D sketcher and that is being extruded in the features tab.
The lobes on two sides as shown in the picture is drawn on a
plane which is created with reference to mid-plane offset at a required
distance and using revolve tool solid cylindrical object is formed on the base.
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Revolve: - This tool requires a closed
sketch with the central axis which helps to form the cylindrical object with
reference to the central axis.
The antennas are the circular structures where the circle is
being sketched or drafted on the base surface initially and extruded in the features tab.
Horns are created on a newly created reference geometrical
plane and using revolve tool circular horn is formed and the front hollow shape
is been developed using the shell option.
Ø
Shell: - This tool helps to create the
shell to the solid body which prompts to enter the thickness and reform the
solid object into shell type object with the wall thickness as provided.
3) Front, Middle, and Rear Seats: -
These front middle and rear seats
are the accessories of the Yacht for resting and sitting.
In this design, the seats are drawn with reference to the
deck surface and blueprint which is been imported into the solid works using
tools sketch tool and sketch tools è sketch
picture.
The seat-like appearance is obtained with the help of the dome option which again consists of continuous and noncontinuous options.
4)
Garage
Door: -
The garage is the part
that is extracted from the hull structure rear part using split entities option
and is been saved using different file name and it is edited to fit in the hull
a cover or door to the garage space created for storing or equipment or vehicles.
5)
Super
Structure: -
The most complicated part of the
whole yacht design is its superstructure which sits on top of the deck surface.
This superstructure was also designed with the help of the
imported blueprint top, front and side views as shown in the below picture.
Initially, the wall of the superstructure is created by
drawing a line on the bottom plane along with the curvature using the spline
option and making it constrained using proper dimensions and being surface
extruded in the feature manager tab.
The base wall is trimmed according to the estimated design and
another surface is extruded with reference to the base wall edge using the ruled surface
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Ruled Surface: - It is used to obtain the
extrude surface perpendicular to the plane of reference and the added advantage
of the Ruled surface is that the surface can be tilted with an angle as prompted in
the tool along with the length.
For obtaining the curves at various positions project curve
option is used and they are lofted together to form the required surface.
During the surface extrusion process, unwanted surfaces are
being produced which are trimmed using the Trim tool.
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Surface Trim:- This prompts to select the
reference surface and next surface to be trimmed and it also options to keep
the surface or remove the surface that was selected to trim.
After creating all the necessary surfaces from all the sides
the surface is being knit using the surface
knit option to form a single body and converted it into a solid body.
The conversion of a solid body only happens when there are no
gaps found between the surfaces that are being extruded and trimmed.
The seats attached to the superstructure are extruded out
from the line drawn on the mid-plane and extruded up to the surface and the
appearance is created with the help of a dome tool as shown below.
Extra appearance is obtained on the top and rear side of the
superstructure is obtained using extrude cut option. For this, the required
shapes are drawn on the required plane and are cut using the offset from the surface
option present in the selection toolbar present in the extrude option by
providing the depth of cut.
The front table is created in attachment with the seats using the
revolve option and appearance is given by selecting the color.
6)
Propeller:
-
A propeller is
a device with a rotating hub and radiating blades that are set at a pitch to
form a helical spiral, that, when rotated, performs an action that is similar
to Archimedes' screw. It transforms rotational power into linear thrust by
acting upon a working fluid, such as water or air.
v
For designing the propeller the main hub is
created by a simple sketch line and spline drawn on the front plane and extruded
using the revolve option around the center line.
v
The wings are twisted parts created by sketching
the two different rectangles on two different surfaces and formed into solid
using the loft option.
v
The shape of the wings is obtained fillet
applied at the two edges on the top side.
v
For inserting the shaft the hole is created by
sketching the circle on the hub back end and material are removed using extrude
cut option. Color is applied to the propeller for appearance as shown in the
figure.
Assembly: -
All the components
are imported into the assembly workbench according to the tree chart and
applied mates to fix their position with respect to the fixed body or object.
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